Figures of Reasoning

Conclusion + one premise — missing premise assumed

A syllogism with one premise left unstated because it is assumed to be obvious or widely accepted.

Major premise + minor premise → conclusion

A formal logical argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion drawn from them.

If A then X; if B then X — forked argument, same conclusion

A form of argument that presents two or more alternatives, each of which leads to the same conclusion or an equally undesirable outcome.

While X is true... however Y — acknowledge then counter

Acknowledging the validity of an opponent's point before countering it, thereby appearing fair-minded and strengthening one's own position.

One might object X... but Y — preemptive rebuttal

Anticipating and preemptively addressing an objection before the opponent can raise it.

Compact general truth — memorable and quotable

A concise, pointed statement expressing a general truth or principle, often with wit.

Quoted wisdom closing an argument

A quotation or wise saying introduced into discourse as a maxim or moral conclusion, often at the end of an argument.

Prescriptive general rule — do X / don't do Y

A brief, authoritative statement of a general truth or rule of conduct, often drawn from experience.