Schemes of Repetition

X..., X..., X... — same start repeated

Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

...X, ...X, ...X — same ending repeated

Repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences.

X... X — begins and ends with the same word

Repetition of the opening word or phrase at the end of the same clause or sentence.

...X. X... — end of one becomes start of next

Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next clause.

X...Y. X...Y — same start and same end repeated

Combination of anaphora and epistrophe — repeating both the opening and closing words of successive clauses.

X, X, X — back-to-back repetition, no gap

Immediate repetition of a word or phrase with no intervening words, for vehemence or emphasis.

X ... X — repetition with brief intervening words

Repetition of a word or phrase with one or a few intervening words, creating emphasis through separation and return.

X... X — same word, deepening significance each time

Repetition of a word where each occurrence gains additional significance or a slightly different shade of meaning.

A B → B A — reversed word order

Repetition of words in reverse grammatical order to create a contrasting meaning.

AB → BA — reversed structure (not necessarily same words)

Reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses, creating an X-shaped (ABBA) pattern.

Xn, Xm — same root, different forms

Repetition of words derived from the same root but in different forms or with different endings.

...X. X... — key word carried forward for emphasis

Repetition of a key word or phrase from a preceding clause at the beginning of the next, for emphasis.